Udhiya according to shafee madhab

1.  To perform Udhiya or Qurbani is Sunnatul Ain Muakiddah (a confirmed Sunnah upon an individual). The person must have the financial means to carry out the Sunnah and a poor person is absolved therefrom. The person doing the Qurbani must have sufficient funds to purchase the animal. In other words his funds must be in excess of what he requires for his necessities.

2. It is Sunnatul Kifaaya on a family or families where the expense for the households is paid by one person.

3. If the person responsible for the family makes the Qurbani, then effectively, the Sunnah is completed for all under his care, even if there are others who have the means to do Qurbani.

4. It is Makruh Tanzeeh for one who intends to do Qurbani to remove any hair from their body or to clip the nails from the sighting of the new moon of the month of Zil-Hajj till after the Qurbani is completed.

5. The time for Udhiya or Qurbani begins after the sun has risen on the day of Eidul Adha and that time in which two Rakaats can be performed and two Khutbas can be recited, has passed. The Qurbani can be made on the day of Eid as well as the remaining days of Tashreeq (the three days after the day of Eidul Adha) and its time ends with the setting of the sun on the third day.

‎6. The Qurbani animal should be a camel, cow/ox, goat or sheep. A camel should be over five years of age while cattle and goats should be over two years. Sheep should be over a year old.

7. A camel or cow/ox fulfils the Sunnah of seven people and their families while a goat or sheep fulfils it for one person and his/her family.

8. It is better to slaughter a single animal than to have a share in a camel or cattle.‎

9. The best animal to slaughter is a camel, then an ox or cow, then a sheep and finally a goat. The best colour for the sheep or goat is white, then tawny-coloured (brownish), then black and white and then black.

‎10. The animal should be free of defects. It is not permissible to slaughter an animal that is:

Lame
Blind or one-eyed
A sick animal
Deranged because of hunger or insane
Mangy or covered in scabs
An ear that has been cut off or with a piece cut off. (If it has a slit in the ear for identification purposes then it may be slaughtered)‎.
It should not be missing a significant part of its haunch or any meat bearing portion.
It should not have a broken or missing horn.
11. It is better to slaughter ones animal by oneself if you are able to slaughter properly. If you are unable to slaughter properly then it is obligatory to appoint someone who is able to do so and one must witness the slaughter being carried out.‎

‎12. It is obligatory to make the Niyyah for the sacrifice at the time of slaughter. The following intention can be made:

اللهم إنى جعلت هذا الحیوان ضحية

Allahumma Innee Ja’altu Hadhal Haywaana Daheeya

Oh Allah I made this animal one for sacrifice
If the intention is made at the time one appoints someone else to do the slaughter, then that would suffice.‎

13. It is Mustahab (desirable) for the one slaughtering to face the Qibla and also to face the animal he is about to slaughter towards the Qibla as well.‎

14. It is recommended to thrust the knife into‎ the base of a camels neck while it is standing with one of its front legs tied up.

15. A cow or bull or goats and sheep should be placed on its left side with its legs bound except the right hind leg.‎ The slaughterer should hold the knife in his right hand and hold the animal’s head with his left. The knife should be sharp.

16. The Tasmiyah (Bismillah) should be recited at the time of slaughter.‎ Along with the Tasmiyah it is Sunnah to recite Durood on the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam, to recite Allahu Akbar three times and to say:

اللهم هذا منك وإليك فتقبل منى

Allahumma Hadha Minka Wa Ilayka Fa Taqbal Minnee

Oh Allah this is from you and (returns) to you, accept it from me
17. The cut should be swift and across the neck of the animal. The trachea (air pipe) and oesophagus (food pipe) should be completely severed . It is a condition that the knife should not be lifted off the neck before the above mentioned pipes are completely cut. If the knife is lifted and then returned to complete the cut of any of those two pipes the animal will not be Halaal. If any part of the trachea and oesophagus is left uncut, the animal is not considered Halaal. ‎It is a Sunnah to also cut the carotid artery and jugular vein.

18. It is Makrooh (disliked) to sharpen the knife in front of the animal.

19. The animal should not see the preceding animal being slaughtered.

20. It is recommended that a third of the sacrificed animal be kept for oneself, a third be given to (family and friends) and a third be given in charity.‎

In the name of Allah , the most merciful, the most gracious.  

The Prophet (PBUH) said, “There is no deed that is better in the sight of Allah or more greatly rewarded than a good deed done in the (first) ten days of Al-Adha”. It was asked, “Not even Jihad for the sake of Allah?” The Prophet (PBUH) replied, “Not even Jihad for the sake of Allah, unless a man goes out himself for Jihad taking his wealth with him and does not come back with anything.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari

Allah  blessed the nation of Muhammad  with opportunities to reap rewards and blessings every day of the year. The last ten nights of Ramadan (the month of fasting) are among the most blessed nights of the year; in particular Laylatul-Qadr (the night of power) is extremely sacred. Similarly, the first ten days of Dhul-Hijja (the 12th Islamic calendar month) carry special status during the blessed month of “Pilgrimage.” The above Hadith of the Prophet  spells out the importance of these ten days in the sight of Allah  and the amplified reward for all good deeds during this blessed season.

Just like the last ten nights of Ramadan are the best ten nights out of the year, these first ten days of Dhul-Hijja are the best days of the year and the most beloved to Allah as they combine acts of worship in a way unlike any other time.

So, the questions we should be asking ourselves are, “How do we make the most of this season of blessings?”, “What deeds can I perform to attain His pleasure?”. The following are some examples of the acts of worship that will help us gain His pleasure InshaAllah.

1. Perform Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Obviously, Hajj is one of the best deeds that one can do during these ten days. However for those of us who were not invited to His House this year, there are still many more ways to earn the pleasure of Allah.

2. Fast all nine days and especially on the ‘Day of Arafah’
The Prophet  said: “Anyone who fasts for one day for Allah’s pleasure, Allah will keep his face away from the (Hell) fire for (a distance covered by a journey of) seventy years.” (Bukhari, Muslim)

The Prophet  used to fast on the ninth day of Dhul-Hijja and he said: “Fasting the Day of ‘Arafah (ninth Dhul-Hijja) is an expiation for (all the sins of) the previous year and expiation for (all the sins of) the coming year.” (Muslim)

3. Perform Dhikr and Takbeer
The Prophet  said: “There are no days on which good deeds are greater or more beloved to Allah than on these ten days, so recite much Tahleel (saying Laa ilaaha ill-Allah), Takbeer (saying Allahu Akbar) and Tahmeed (saying Alhamdu Lillaah).” (Ahmad -Saheeh)

Ibn ‘Umar and Abu Hurayrah used to go out in the marketplace during the first ten days of Dhul-Hijja, reciting Takbeer, and the people would recite Takbeer when they heard them. (Bukhari)

Takbeer at this time is a Sunnah that has mostly been forgotten, especially during the first few days. So say it in the masjid, in your home, on the street and every place where it is permitted to remember Allah. Revive the Sunnah that have been virtually forgotten and earn great rewards for doing so.

The Prophet  said: “Whoever revives an aspect of my Sunnah that is forgotten after my death, he will have a reward equivalent to that of the people who follow him, without it detracting in the least from their reward.” (Tirmidhi- Hasan)

4. Stand the Night in Prayer
Seeking Allah’s forgiveness and humbling ourselves in front of Him in supplication and prayers during the latter part of the night is an act of worship that is very beloved to Allah .

Allah Almighty calls out to His servants in the latter part of the night: “Is there anyone to invoke Me, so that I may respond to his invocation? Is there anyone to ask Me, so that I may grant him his request? Is there anyone seeking My forgiveness, so that I may forgive him?” (Bukhaari, Muslim)

We should seize this opportunity and beg Him  for His Divine Generosity and Mercy. We should ask Him as our Prophet  taught us “Our Lord, bless us with the best of this world and the best of hereafter and save us from the fire of Hell.”

5. Make Sincere Repentance
Allah  loves those who repent to Him in complete submission. The act of sincere repentance to Allah with intention to never return to His disobedience and sin is very dear to Him . Return to Allah by giving up all the deeds, open and secret, that He dislikes. Be regretful of your sins and disobedience and resolve to never return to sin and to firmly adhere to the path which Allah loves.

Allah  says, “But as for him who repented, believed and did righteous deeds, then he will be among those who are successful.” [Al-Qasas 28:67]

6. Return to Book of Allah (The Quran)
It is time to dust off your copy of the Quran. Establish a beautiful new relationship with the book of Allah starting in these ten days of Dhul-Hijja. Recite its verses and you will reap its blessings. Understand its message. Implement the commandments of this book in your life. This relationship with the Quran will open for you the doors of wisdom and happiness in your life. This will ultimately lead to guidance and success in this life and the Hereafter.

7. Increase in doing ALL good deeds
If you are not able to perform Hajj this year, occupy yourself during these blessed days by any and every possible good deed. Every act that is done with sincerity for the pleasure of Allah  will bring you closer to Him.

“So whosoever does good equal to the weight of an atom, shall see it; and whosoever does evil equal to the weight of an atom, shall see it.“[Al-Zalzalah 99:7-8]

8. Slaughter an animal and distribute the meat (Sacrifice)
Ibn Umar said: “The Prophet  lived in Madeenah for ten years and every year he slaughtered an animal.” (Ahmad-Saheeh by al-Albaani)

9. Attend Eid prayers
Attending Eid prayers is from the Sunnah of our beloved Prophet . We should be keen on practicing this Sunnah and performing it according to the teachings of our Prophet . Eid is a time of joy and happiness and we should be inclusive of all of our brothers and sisters who may not be as fortunate to have enough to enjoy this blessed occasion.

10. Thank Allah
One of the biggest forms of worshiping Allah  is to thank Him, deeply, sincerely and continuously. After all, it is He who blessed you with all that you have. In fact, you wouldn’t even be here if it wasn’t for the Mercy of your Creator. So thank Him for ALL that He gave you: the blessing of Islam, the blessing of life and every blessing you possess. Thank Him for the opportunity to experience these ten days. Ask Him for His mercy, forgiveness and guidance.

Alhamdulillah, there is much to be gained in these coming days. So make the most of this perfect opportunity offered by these invaluable and irreplaceable ten days. Hasten to do good deeds and appreciate this blessing and make the most of it.

“And worship your Lord until there comes unto you the certainty (death).” [Al-Hijr 15:99]

By Jafar Nizami

Lecturer , Islamic College of Brisbane.